"It's really sore," my (Josh's) five-year-old daughter said, cradling her broken arm in the emergency department. "But on a scale of 0 to 10, how do you rate your pain?" asked the nurse. My daughter's ...

Attempt to obtain the patient's self-report, the single most reliable indicator of pain. Do not assume that a patient cannot report pain; many cognitively impaired patients are able to use a ...

Researchers use AI video analysis of invisible facial micromovements and heart rhythms to objectively measure pain, replacing ...