Look at any map of Europe from the Middle Ages or the early modern era, before the Industrial Revolution, and you will be overwhelmed by its dizzying incoherence—all of those empires, kingdoms, ...

Detail from a manuscript made for King Lebna Dengel, circa 1520, Tädbabä Maryam Monastery, Ethiopia. Photograph by Diana Spencer, courtesy of the DEEDS Project In early 2020, just as the scope and ...

A map pinpointing hundreds of homicides in 14th-century England could help teach medieval history. By Isabella Kwai A spice merchant stabbed by a fruit seller over a longstanding feud. A street ...

One thinks of the Middle Ages as a time when peasants rarely moved more than a few miles from their huts or monks from their monasteries—when people generally, other than perhaps the well-to-do, were ...