Visit our Data & Figures, Earth Institute and CSAS.org Websites. Sign up for my occasional Communications here. Recent Communications December 18, 2025: Global Temperature in 2025, 2026, 2027 November ...

1978. The Digital Equipment Corporation VT100 was the first ANSI X3.64 compliant terminal and featured lots of innovations including control by an Intel 8085 microprocessor (rather than custom ...

Herman Hollerith's Type 001 Mechanical Card Punch, patented in 1901, was the first key punch; that is, the first card punch operated from a keyboard, so that the operator could punch digits 0-9, ...

On our website, you can find out more about our faculty, our students, and our undergraduate and graduate offerings in Russian, Ukrainian, Czech, Polish, and Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian languages, ...

General Format: All reports are written in HTML code using Netscape Composer (available here) and undergo two iterations of review and revisions before completion. Eventually, those that meet the ...

The IBM 2260 Display Station, 1964; Photo: IBM 1964. This is one of the very first video display terminals. 2260s were installed at Columbia in the 2nd-floor Computer Center public-access terminal ...

What we in the United States know as the Gay Movement is not as visible in Spain or Latin America. Hispanics are much more reluctant to self-identify as gay or lesbian. Gay liberation movements in the ...

The IBM Type 602-A Calculating Punch (1948); photo from the IBM 602-A Principles of Operation. In the first half of the 20th Century, IBM's flagship product was the Tabulator, which is pretty much ...

The IBM Type 012 tabletop key punch (1925) was the first model capable of duplication; that is, automatically copying columns from one card to another. Left: What appears to be a Type 012 Electric ...

All students attempting to complete double majors, double concentrations, or a combination of a major and a concentration should keep in mind that they must complete separate sets of required and ...

Photo: University of Amsterdam Computing Museum). The Brunsviga Nova 13, Olympia Werke AG, Wilhemshaven, circa 1920, entirely mechanical, typical of computing equipment used at Columbia University in ...

Lower River Division with a population of 72,167 is the least populated division in the Gambia. Until late 1960s when it became its own division, North Bank Division was part of Lower River Division.